Carbohydrate

Carbohydrate (also carbs): Carbohydrates are one of three macronutrients (with protein and fat). Most carbs are eventually broken down into glucose, which raises blood sugar. Carbohydrate on a U.S. nutrition label is the sum of three things: sugars, starches, and fiber.

On a Nutrition Facts label

The "Total Carbohydrate" line includes sugars, starches, and fiber. You don't add them on top — they're already counted. Sugar alcohols are listed separately and only partially affect glucose.

Calories

Carbs provide 4 calories per gram (the same as protein). Alcohol provides 7 calories per gram. Fat provides 9.

Why carbs matter for diabetes

Carbs raise blood glucose faster and higher than protein or fat for almost everyone. That makes carb counting the highest-leverage variable for someone managing blood sugar with insulin or oral medications.