Basal-bolus

Basal-bolus: Basal-bolus is the standard intensive insulin regimen for Type 1 diabetes (and many Type 2 patients on insulin). It combines a long-acting "basal" insulin to cover background glucose needs with rapid-acting "bolus" doses given at meals and corrections.

Basal

Long-acting insulin (insulin glargine, degludec, detemir) given once or twice daily, providing a steady background level that covers liver glucose output between meals and overnight.

Bolus

Rapid-acting insulin (lispro, aspart, glulisine, or ultra-rapid forms) given at meals based on the carb-to-insulin ratio, plus correction doses for high glucose.

Pumps and AID

Insulin pumps and Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) systems implement basal-bolus continuously, with the basal delivered as small frequent micro-doses and the bolus calculated from carb counts and CGM data.